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Soil can be classified on the basis of following categories:
Sandy soil: sandy soil has a lot of sand in it and very little silt or clay. It is commonly found in deserts. It can’t hold much water, as the water drains very quickly through spaces between the sand particles. It is not suitable for plants.
Claying soil: clayey soil mostly contains clay. Water drains very quickly through such soil, as the particles are small and tightly packed. Claying soil holds water so it is not able to trap enough air for the roots of plants.
Loamy soil: loamy soil is best for growing plants because it has a mixture of sand, silt and clay and also has humus. It can hold right amount of water and air for plants.
Red soil: red soil is highly mature, ancient and found in the Indian peninsula. It is poor in time, magnesium, humor and nitrogen but is rich in potash. It is not so good for plants.
Black soil: the black soil is also known as black cotton soil. It is formed from basalt (basic Ferro-magnesium lavas + ash bed). Black soil is clayey and contains a high amount of iron, calcium, magnesium and aluminum, but fewer amounts of phosphorus and nitrogen. This is good for cotton crop.
Literate soil: this soil is red in color and formed with literate. It is composed largely of hydrated oxides of aluminum and iron. This soil is infertile and acidic with little or no humus.
Residual soil: the soil which remains at the place of formation is called residual soil.
Transported soil: the soil which settled at other places as a result of its transportation by gravity flowing water, winds and glaciers is called transported soil. This is of 2 types.
Mountainous soil: it is usually find in depressions and valley basins or on gently inclined slopes.
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