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• Compounds of Gardening Soil

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Compound of Gardening Soil

Soil is the uppermost layer of land on the earth. Its thickness on the earth’s surface ranges from a few millimeter to 3-4 meter. Generally it contains fine particles of rocks, humus, air and water. Soil is very essential for the survival of life on the earth. Soil is the main source of nutrients and water for plants.

The soil is made up of minerals particles, organic matter solution of various inorganic salts in water, air and living organism. Thus the soil has physical as well as chemical properties.

The compounds of soil are as follows:

• Gravel: the soil with particle size greater than 2 min in diameter is gravel.
• Sand: the soil with particle size varying from 0.05 to 2.0 mm in diameter is sand. The water holding capacity of sand is very low.
• Silt: the particle of size 0.005 to 0.05 mm is known as silt. It is not so smooth to touch.
• Clay: the particle of size less than 0.005 mm is clay. The water holding capacity of clay is very high clay feels smooth because of the smallest particles.

Soil Diffraction

Soils are made up of materials resulting from weathering and breaking down of rocks. The change takes place during transformation of rocks into soil can be studied under three heads.

Weathering: the breaking up of rocks by rain, wind, water etc. is called weathering. The chief weathering agencies are:

1. Air: air contains oxygen that combines with the elements of rock forming oxide which are soft and powdery substance easily soluble in water.
2. Water: the water that sinks into rocks may freeze under low temp and on expanding breaks up big blocks into smaller pieces.
3. Heat: heat expands rocks and cold contracts it. In those regions. Where changes of temp. Rock masses break up by sudden expansion and contraction.
4. Animals and plants: burrowing animals as rats break down rocky material into pieces. Similarly roots of plant exert great pressure on rocks which may burst.

Chemical Changes: after weathering smaller particles of rock undergoes various stages of decomposition such as oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis etc. lichens and other plants produce acid which accelerate the process of soil formation.

Addition of Organic Matter: from dead and decomposed plants and animals is the last stage in the formation of soil.

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